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Organic Rankine Cycles including fluid selection
Lemort, Vincent; Declaye, Sébastien; Quoilin, Sylvain
2015In Handbook of Clean Energy Systems
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Keywords :
ORC; fluids; expansion machines; applications
Abstract :
[en] An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is similar to a steam Rankine cycle, except that the working fluid is not water but an organic compound, such as a refrigerant or a hydrocarbon, characterized by a lower ebullition temperature than that of water. Hence lower temperature heat sources can be exploited such as solar energy, geothermal energy and waste heat recovery from many different processes. During the design phase of an ORC system, the selection of the working fluid must be conducted in parallel with the selection and the sizing of the components (mainly the expansion machine, the pump and the heat exchangers) and with the definition of the cycle architecture. This approach allows taking into consideration all technical constraints. Relevant properties of working fluids that should be considered during their selection are listed. Major characteristics of available displacement and turbo-expander technologies are described. The impact of the pump performance on the overall performance is discussed and strategies to increase the available NPSH are proposed. Finally, improved cycle architectures are introduced. Major applications of ORC systems are described: geothermal power plants, biomass CHP plants, waste heat recovery in industry, waste heat recovery on internal combustion engines and solar power plants. All these applications differ by the nature of the heat source and heat sink, the integration of the ORC with these sources and sinks, and the range of installed capacities. These differences yield specific designs, which are described. Performance achieved by systems in operation or prototypes are presented.
Disciplines :
Energy
Author, co-author :
Lemort, Vincent  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Systèmes énergétiques
Declaye, Sébastien ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Systèmes énergétiques
Quoilin, Sylvain  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Systèmes énergétiques
Language :
English
Title :
Organic Rankine Cycles including fluid selection
Publication date :
2015
Main work title :
Handbook of Clean Energy Systems
Publisher :
John Wiley & Sons
ISBN/EAN :
978-1-118-38858-7
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed
Available on ORBi :
since 15 July 2014

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