Pristine Antarctica: Threats and Protection

Molecular technologies have shown unequivocally that much of Antarctica’s biological value and diversity lies in its microbiota. Microbial diversity varies greatly over small spatial scales, and there may be high levels of endemism in some groups. At the 2012 SCAR Open Science Conference, .70% of scientific presentations by terrestrial biologists concerned microbiology, and the topic features prominently in the newly approved SCAR biology
programmes State of the Antarctic Ecosystem (AntEco) and Antarctic Thresholds - Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation (AnT-ERA). The future looks bright for Antarctic microbiology - but some significant threats need to be addressed and resolved.